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Getting tested for HIV

Although it can be a frightening prospect, knowing your HIV status (whether you are HIV positive or HIV negative) can help you make important decisions and plans for the future. There are many reasons why you might consider getting tested. Here are some of the main reasons you may want talk with a health care provider about taking a test:

• had sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral, or anal) without a condom or dental dam (thin, square pieces of latex or polyurethane for oral sex)
  
• learned that a partner was not monogamous (had sex with another partner)
  have been sexually assaulted
  
• had a condom break during sex
  
• shared needles or syringes, or found out that a partner has shared needles
  had multiple sexual partners
  
• discovered that a partner has been exposed to HIV or learned that a past or current partner is HIV-positive
  
• had a recent diagnosis of another sexually transmitted infection (STI)
  
• are pregnant.

How the test works: When you get an HIV test, a lab tests your blood for antibodies that your immune system produces to fight off the HIV virus. Although these antibodies can't destroy the virus, their presence in the blood can be used to confirm that you've been infected. If the test detects antibodies then you are HIV positive.

When to get tested: Most blood tests can detect HIV infection within three months of initial exposure to the virus, but it can sometimes take up to six months for antibodies to reach detectable levels. It is generally recommended that take a test six months after the last possible exposure.. If you get tested shortly after exposure then you should take another test a few months later to confirm the result.

What to do next
Getting the results of your HIV test is an emotional event and whatever the outcome, you need to think about what to do next.
If you are HIV negative, make sure that you continue to protect yourself at all times. If you are having sex, ensure that you're using condoms correctly and that you use one every time. If you inject drugs, be sure to use sterilized needles and syringes each time, and don't share your equipment. You should also take another test about six months later to confirm the negative result.
If you are HIV positive, the sooner you take steps to protect your health, the better. Medical treatment and a healthy lifestyle can help you stay well. The proper treatment may delay the onset of AIDS and prevent some life-threatening conditions. You should...

See a doctor, even if you don't feel sick. If possible, see a doctor who has experience treating HIV. Consulting someone about your treatment options is an important first step.
Get a tuberculosis test done. TB often goes hand-in-hand with HIV - you may already be infected with TB and not know it. TB is a serious illness but can be treated successfully if caught early.
Be good to your immune system. Smoking cigarettes, drinking too much alcohol or using other recreational drugs can weaken your immune system. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about substance abuse programs.
Find a support system. The emotional and physical challenges ahead can be difficult and having people around who understand what you're going through can be an enormous help. Ask your doctor about counselors and support groups.

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